New Blood Type

Blood Discovery: New Hemoglobin Type Found

ScienceDaily (Mar. 17, 2008) — Scientists at the University of Bonn have discovered a new rare type of haemoglobin. Haemoglobin transports oxygen in the red blood corpuscles. When bound to oxygen it changes colour. The new haemoglobin type appears optically to be transporting little oxygen. Measurements of the blood oxygen level therefore present a similar picture to patients suffering from an inherited cardiac defect. After examining two patients, the scientists now understand that the new type of haemoglobin distorts the level of oxygen measured.

The scientists have named the type 'Haemoglobin Bonn'. Haemoglobin transports oxygen to the body's cells and in return picks up carbon dioxide there. In doing so it changes colour. With an optical measuring instrument, known as a pulse oximeter, you can therefore measure whether there is enough oxygen present in the blood. The cause of anoxia can be an inherited cardiac defect, for example.

This was also the tentative diagnosis in the case of a four-year-old boy who was admitted to the Paediatric Clinic of the Bonn University Clinic. However, after a thorough examination, the paediatricians Dr. Andreas Hornung and his colleagues did not find any cardiac defect. A low saturation of oxygen had also been previously found in the blood of the boy's 41-year-old father, again without apparent signs of a cardiac defect.

Dr. Berndt Zur from Professor Birgit Stoffel-Wagner's team at the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology examined the boy's and the father's haemoglobin. He eventually realised that they were dealing with a new type of the blood pigment. 'The pulse oximeter is put on a finger as a clip and X-rays it with infrared radiation,' he explains. 'Haemoglobin absorbs infrared light in the absence of oxygen. The lower the content of oxygen in the blood, the less light penetrates the finger and reaches the sensor of the oximeter.' But Haemoglobin Bonn absorbs a bit more infrared light than normal oxygen saturated haemoglobin, even when combined with oxygen. 'That's why, at first, we did not understand why the patients did not have any particular health problems,' Dr. Zur says.

Every human has two main heart ventricles. One pumps the blood through the arteries to the lungs, where the haemoglobin releases the carbon dioxide and takes on oxygen. The other one pumps the blood which is saturated with oxygen from the lungs to every cell in the body. Both ventricles must be separated by a wall in the heart, so that the oxygen-rich blood does not mix with the anoxaemic blood. But some people have a hole in this septum.

In such cases, the pulse oximeter shows anoxia. Doctors therefore see this as a sign of a cardiac defect. Another cause is what is known as the Apnoea Syndrome. In the patients affected, breathing can cease for more than a minute. That is why the father of the 4-year-old received oxygen treatment at nights for some time. 'If we had known about Haemoglobin Bonn before, father and son could have been spared the fear of a cardiac defect or the Sleep Apnoea Syndrome,' Dr. Zur explains

Blue Blood

Scientists at the laboratories of the National Vampire Institute, researching for the Australian Red Cross Blood Service have confirmed today that they have discovered a new blood type.

The type, which is in addition to the A, B and O blood types common in Australia is a particularly rare strain that was previously thought to not have existed on the continent.

Although not officially named, the discovery has researchers at the Institute excited about the breakthrough.

“We have been working with the A,B and O blood type groups for some time - this new discovery is huge for the Blood Service,” Dr C. Dracula said.

“The interesting thing about this blood type is its colour. Instead of the usual red pigments, it has a blue tinge which is more like the colour you see in your veins.

“There will of course be the comparisons with ‘Royal’ or ‘Blue’ blood, but at this stage we can’t be sure of its exact genetic make-up.”

The Blood Service began the research, when a hospital patient couldn’t be matched to any particular blood type. After conducting more tests, the Blood Service confirmed its discovery.

Spokesperson Kathy Bowlen said the blood type seemed to have a higher volume of plasma than others: “This is exciting, because more and more patients are needing plasma, if this type is widespread in the population, it could be a real boon for blood stocks," she said.

“We ask that more new donors come forward to see if anyone else is ‘blue’."

Regardless of the discovery, the Blood Service is always looking for new donors, to make an appointment at your local donor centre call 13 14 95